- Physiological jaundice
Performance: Everything is normal after the baby is born. But 3-5 days later, the baby’s face began to yellowing, and there is a growing trend of yellowing, which is neonatal physiological jaundice.
Reason: The fetus depends on the mother to provide nutrition in the uterus, the waste generated after growth, development, and metabolism is also excreted by the mother’s organs. Bilirubin produced by the aging red cells in the fetus is transformed and excreted by the mother’s liver. So the baby was born without jaundice.
When a baby is born, he is disconnected from his mother, and all his metabolites are handled by himself. The bilirubin produced by the destruction of red blood cells can be excreted from the body only after the transformation of the liver. At this time, the ability of the newborn’s liver to process bilirubin is very weak. Bilirubin can’t be excreted from normal channels to the outside world, and excess indirect bilirubin without liver treatment accumulates in the body. When bilirubin accumulates to a certain extent, babies show jaundice.
Countermeasures: With the gradual maturation of the baby’s liver function, neonatal jaundice will gradually fade away. Usually, in a week to half a month, jaundice will be gone. So parents need not panic, they can ignore it.
- Constipation
Performance: Constipation refers to the absence of stool or the sudden reduction of the number of stools, while the stool becomes very hard and difficult to defecate, so that the baby cries.
Reason: Newborns should have four to five stools a day. If the newborn eats breast milk or specially formulated milk powder, the number of stools will be slightly less, and even constipation.
Countermeasures: Parents should pay attention to observe the shape of the baby’s stool. The normal stool should be soft. If you find constipation in your baby, you might as well feed the baby on some juice or make the milk thinner. If constipation does not change, you should take the baby to see a doctor. Novice parents should not enema their babies at home. Too many times of enema is dangerous. It will make babies become dependent and need an enema to defecate. Therefore, it is safer to follow the doctor’s instructions in this regard.
- Spitting up
Performance: Newborns often spit up after eating.
Reason: The baby is not sick, but inhaled air when sucking milk, and vomited air after eating milk, so that the milk is also vomited.
Countermeasures: The way to prevent the baby from vomiting is not to let the baby suck too fast and let the baby have the chance to discharge the air in the stomach after eating milk. When the baby has finished feeding, do not immediately put him back to the cot, but should hold him, let him rest his head on your shoulder or knee for a while, gently touch the baby’s back from the bottom up, so that the air is exhausted, at this time, parents can hear the obvious hiccups. When the baby eats too much, it may spit out part or all of the milk, which is unhindered. If vomiting occurs, you should stop feeding immediately and give him a few times a day of warm boiled water; if vomiting does not stop, you should see a doctor.
- Diarrhea
Performance: The number of stools suddenly increased, and sparse, stinking.
Reason: Diarrhea is one of the common diseases in newborns, especially in hot weather or affected by other diseases.
Countermeasures: If the baby has diarrhea and fever, go to the doctor immediately, without delay. Before taking the baby to the doctor, parents should let the baby drink more liquid, such as warm water or porridge. Babies need to drink more liquid, because babies have lost a lot of water, which is dangerous. At the same time, parents should also pay attention to keeping the baby clean, after handling the baby’s feces, they should also wash their hands to prevent the infection of bacteria.
- Omphalitis
Performance: The baby’s navel is inflamed.
Reason: Omphalitis is a common problem for newborns. After the baby was born, the umbilical cord fulfilled its historical mission. Within 5-7 days after ligation, the remnant of umbilical cord withered and fell off. The part that fell behind was the navel. The problem occurred during the period before the umbilical cord had fallen off. If you don’t take care of it properly during this time, the baby gets a bacterial infection and gets inflammation, that’s called omphalitis.
Countermeasures: The way to prevent omphalitis is simple: keep your baby’s umbilical cord clean and dry. When the umbilical cord does not fall off, the baby should be bathed in two parts: the upper part and the lower part. Don’t let the umbilical cord and the gauze wrapping the umbilical cord soak in water. If the gauze on the umbilical cord is wet, it should be replaced in time. Once the baby’s umbilical exudate is found, it is necessary to take the baby to see a doctor. Parents should clean the baby’s umbilical cord according to aseptic procedures.
- Eczema
Performance: It begins with a small red papule with exudation and ends with scab and scaling. It repeats and does not heal for a long time. The baby will feel itchy and uncomfortable. It mainly distributes around the face, forehead, eyebrows and ears, as well as the cheeks. It can spread to the whole body if seriously, especially in the wrinkles of the skin, such as elbow fossa, axilla and so on. The most common form of eczema is in babies aged 2 to 3 months old.
Reason: Eczema is an allergic disease with a genetic predisposition, which is more common in infants allergic to milk. Artificially fed babies suffer more from eczema than breastfed babies.
Countermeasures: If the eczema is not serious, do not do special treatment, just pay attention to keep the baby’s skin clean, do not use soap, bath fluid, etc. to wash the baby’s face, bath, just clean with water. When the baby is 4 months old, parents can gradually add supplementary food to the baby and reduce the intake of milk. Until the baby completely replaces milk with food, skin eczema often heals. In terms of medicine, parents can give their babies oral anti-allergic drugs such as chlorpheniramine and vitamin C under the guidance of doctors. At the same time, they can give their babies some calcium supplements. If the baby’s eczema is serious, parents can use boric acid water wet compress. Babies with eczema may grow up allergic to certain foods, such as fish and shrimp. Parents should pay attention to it.
